1. Number and Place Value
Understanding digits, numbers, and their positions in the number system including place value in large and small numbers.
2. Addition and Subtraction
Performing mental and written calculations accurately, including carrying and borrowing.
3. Multiplication and Division
Mastering times tables, long and short multiplication/division, and interpreting remainders.
4. Fractions
Working with equivalent fractions, simplifying, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing fractions.
5. Decimals
Understanding decimal place value, performing operations with decimals, and converting between fractions and decimals.
6. Percentages
Finding percentages of amounts, percentage increases/decreases, and percentage-fraction-decimal conversions.
7. Ratio and Proportion
Solving problems involving comparing quantities using ratios and proportions.
8. Algebra
Understanding basic algebraic notation, solving simple equations, and identifying patterns and sequences.
9. Measurement
Using and converting between different units of length, mass, volume, and time.
10. Perimeter, Area and Volume
Calculating the perimeter and area of 2D shapes and the volume of 3D shapes.
11. Geometry – Properties of Shapes
Recognising and classifying 2D and 3D shapes and understanding their properties and angles.
12. Geometry – Position and Direction
Understanding coordinates, translation, reflection, and rotation in all four quadrants.
13. Statistics
Reading and interpreting data in pictograms, bar charts, line graphs, and pie charts.
14. Time
Reading analogue and digital clocks, using 12- and 24-hour formats, and calculating time intervals.
15. Money
Understanding and solving problems involving money, including giving change and working with different currencies.
16. Negative Numbers
Working with numbers below zero in context, including temperature and simple calculations.
17. Roman Numerals
Reading, writing, and understanding Roman numerals up to 1000 (M).
18. Problem Solving
Applying mathematical knowledge in unfamiliar contexts using logical and methodical approaches.
19. Worded Problems
Solving problems presented in written form that involve multiple steps and require interpretation.
20. Puzzles and Logic
Solving logic puzzles, sequences, and problems involving reasoning and deduction.
21. Patterns and Sequences
Identifying, continuing, and creating numerical and visual patterns or sequences.
22. Estimation
Making sensible estimates in calculations and measurements.
23. Checking Answers
Using inverse operations and estimation to verify solutions to problems.
24. Arithmetic Reasoning
This topic involves quick and accurate calculations under pressure. Pupils solve number-based word problems, identify patterns, and apply the four operations strategically to reach a solution efficiently.
25. Functional Maths
Functional Maths focuses on real-life application of mathematical skills. Children solve practical problems involving money, time, measurements, and graphs that reflect everyday situations.
26. Estimating & Approximating
Here, students develop number sense by rounding and making sensible guesses. They learn to judge whether an answer is reasonable and use approximation for checking answers in calculations.
27. Problem Solving Strategies
Children are taught structured approaches like drawing diagrams, using bar models, working backwards, or logical deduction to tackle unfamiliar multi-step problems.
28. Reasoning with Number Patterns
Students spot, extend, and explain number patterns such as sequences, square numbers, triangular numbers, or multiples. This builds their foundation for algebra and helps with logical reasoning questions.