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2D & 3D Shapes

Every common 2D and 3D shape, drawn sharply, with the facts your child needs for 11+ maths and reasoning.

Shapes appear throughout 11+ maths and non-verbal reasoning. These crisp diagrams show each shape and its key facts — perfect for revising names, sides and properties with your child.

2D shapes (flat)

Flat shapes have length and width. Count the sides and angles, and look for equal sides, parallel sides and right angles.

Square

4 equal sides, 4 right angles.

Rectangle

2 pairs of equal sides, 4 right angles.

Circle

A curved line always the same distance from the centre.

Equilateral triangle

3 equal sides, 3 equal 60° angles.

Isosceles triangle

2 equal sides and 2 equal angles.

Scalene triangle

All sides and angles different.

Right-angled triangle

One 90° angle.

Pentagon

5 sides, 5 angles.

Hexagon

6 sides, 6 angles.

Heptagon

7 sides, 7 angles.

Octagon

8 sides, 8 angles.

Trapezium

One pair of parallel sides.

Parallelogram

2 pairs of parallel sides; opposite angles equal.

Rhombus

4 equal sides; like a pushed-over square.

Kite

2 pairs of adjacent equal sides.

3D shapes (solid)

Solid shapes have length, width and depth. The key facts to learn are faces (flat surfaces), edges (where faces meet) and vertices (corners).

Cube

6 square faces, 8 corners, 12 edges.

Cuboid

6 rectangular faces (a "box").

Sphere

A perfectly round ball; one curved surface.

Cylinder

2 circular faces and 1 curved surface.

Cone

1 circular face and 1 curved surface, meeting at a point.

Square-based pyramid

A square base rising to a point (apex).

Triangular prism

2 triangular faces and 3 rectangles.

Quick tip: for any 3D shape, practise counting faces, edges and vertices out loud. It is a favourite 11+ question and easy marks once it becomes a habit.

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